Question 1

Agnosia

Accepted Answer

Agnosia is the loss of the ability to recognise familiar people or objects by sight, touch, taste, smell, or sound.

Question 2

Alzheimer’s disease

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia and results in the loss of nerve cells in the brain which are important to memory and cognitive functioning. As the disease progresses, microscopic protein fragments known as plaques and tangles build up between nerve cells. Normal chemical functions within the brain degenerate and the overall structure of the brain itself is altered, usually becoming smaller in size.

Question 3

Anomia

Accepted Answer

Anomia is an inability to remember or recognise the names of objects and may become increasingly noticeable as the condition progresses.

Question 4

Apraxia

Accepted Answer

Apraxia is the inability to complete a practised and familiar motor task such as buttoning up a shirt. Even though the desire to carry out the task is present and all of the parts of the brain needed to do so are functioning, the communicative link between the ‘thinking’ and ‘doing’ parts of the brain is broken.

Question 5

Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease (CJD)

Accepted Answer

Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease (CJD) is a disease caused by the presence of rogue prions which alter proteins in the body in such a way that they rapidly harm the body’s central nervous system and brain. CJD is an extremely rare condition affecting an estimated one in every million people.

Question 6

Cerebellum

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum. This is the area of the brain responsible for controlling our balance and coordination.

Question 7

Cognition

Accepted Answer

Cognition is a collective term for the thought processes which enable our perceptions, understanding and reasoning of ourselves and our environment.

Question 8

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Accepted Answer

Dementia with Lewy bodies. Also known as ‘Lewy body Disease’, this form of dementia was named after its discoverer, Frederick Lewy. Lewy bodies are deposits of protein within the brain which affect its functionality and may cause issues with visual recognition, balance, co-ordination and also give rise to hallucinations. Individuals with Parkinson’s disease may have Lewy bodies present in the mid-brain.

Question 9

Dysarthria

Accepted Answer

Dysarthria is an inability to speak clearly as a result of the loss of co-ordination of the muscles associated with speech.

Question 10

Dysphagia

Accepted Answer

Dysphagia is the medical term for the symptom of difficulty in swallowing.

Question 11

Dysphasia

Accepted Answer

Dysphasia is a partial or complete impairment of the ability to communicate resulting from brain injury that can be caused by dementia.

Question 12

Frontal Lobe

Accepted Answer

Frontal Lobe. This area of the brain immediately behind the forehead is associated with our personality, emotions, reasoning, planning, problem-solving and aspects of speech.

Question 13

Frontotemporal dementia

Accepted Answer

Frontotemporal dementia is a rare degenerative condition usually resulting from damage to the frontal lobe and which often affects younger people between the ages of thirty and sixty. This type of dementia negatively impacts judgment and social behaviour, can cause agitation and may result in the rapid diminishment of language and the appearance of obsessive and repetitive behaviour.

Question 14

Hippocampus

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus. This is the region of the brain responsible for emotion and short-term memory.

Question 15

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Accepted Answer

Korsakoff’s syndrome. This form of dementia is often associated with heavy drinking and alcoholism and is a degenerative brain disease. Symptoms include the loss of short-term memory and the inability to learn and retain new skills.

Question 16

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

Accepted Answer

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is defined as a cognitive problem which is sufficiently severe as to be noticed by other people but insufficiently serious as to have a negative impact upon everyday life.

Question 17

Occipital Lobe

Accepted Answer

Occipital Lobe. Situated at the lower rear of the brain, the occipital lobe is responsible for sight and our ability to recognise objects.

Question 18

Neurodegenerative Disease

Accepted Answer

Neurodegenerative Disease. A condition such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease which is characterised by the progressive degeneration of brain tissue resulting in impaired brain activity and cognitive function. Neurodegenerative diseases most often affect older people.

Question 19

Parietal Lobes

Accepted Answer

Parietal Lobes. Located behind the frontal lobes at the upper rear of the brain, the parietal lobes process sensory nerve responses such as touch, taste, pressure, temperature and pain. They are also connected to some language functions.

Question 20

Parkinson’s disease

Accepted Answer

Parkinson’s disease. A slow, progressive degenerative disease of the brain, Parkinson’s disease results from the death of cells called neurons which are vital to the correct functioning of the central nervous system. In addition to dementia, symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include muscle tremor, impaired speech and restricted movement.

Question 21

Person-centric Care

Accepted Answer

Person-centric Care is a holistic and individually-tailored approach to dementia care which is built around the needs of the person with dementia and takes into account their past and present lifestyle, experiences, character and personal preferences.

Question 22

Temporal Lobes

Accepted Answer

Temporal Lobes. The brain’s temporal lobes can be found just above each ear and are responsible for processing auditory information i.e. whatever we hear. They are also connected with memory, the interpretation of meaning, language, emotion and learning.

Question 23

Vascular Dementia

Accepted Answer

Vascular Dementia is often the result of a stroke or a series of ‘mini-strokes’ which restrict the supply of blood to the brain and cause brain tissue to die. Contributory factors to the onset of vascular dementia may include high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes and heart disease. The impairment of cognitive function progresses step-by-step, with concentration and mood noticeably severely affected. The likelihood of vascular dementia increases with strokes which afflict the left hemisphere of the brain or the hippocampus.

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